Role of prediction error in destabilizing fear memories in retrieval extinction and its neural mechanisms.

Memory reconsolidation interference has been shown to be an effective way to neutralize conditioned fear memory and prevent relapse. The critical factor to utilize this paradigm is inducing a labile state of the long-term memory. Novel information is viewed as a driving factor to update memory; however, it is unknown whether different forms of novelty play the same role. In addition, although pharmacological intervention studies have confirmed that prediction error (PE) during reactivation is a necessary condition in memory destabilization, the role of PE in retrieval extinction has remained under debate; furthermore, the neural mechanisms underlying the process are largely unknown. In this study, we isolated two forms of novelty: PE and stimulus novelty without PE during reactivation to compare their role in memory lability. Skin conductance responses (SCR) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used to clarify their role at the behavioural and neural mechanism levels. A total of 54 healthy adults were tested in a three-day retrieval extinction protocol. The results showed that PE, the novelty of CS-US combinations, was a critical condition to destabilize memory. The novelty of the stimulus itself with the absence of PE was insufficient for retrieving the memory. The neural mechanisms that distinguished standard extinction from retrieval extinction were that the latter was associated with a diminished recruitment of the inferior temporal cortex (IT) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and decreased functional connectivity of the dlPFC-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and IT-dlPFC. Possible interpretations were discussed.

Traditional Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy in treatment of middle-late gastric cancer / 国际中医中药杂志

On the basis of related literature, this paper analyzed that the traditional Chinese medicine combinated with chemotherapy can improve the clinical effect of middle-late phrase gastric cancer patients and improve their quality of life, reduce adverse reaction of chemotherapy, prolong survival period.

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion of lung cancer in recent 5 years / 国际中医中药杂志

The Chinese medicine could alleviate clinical symptoms, improve the quality of life in the treatment of lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion. TCM showed its certain characteristics and advantages. This paper summarized the literatures about the treatment of lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion with Chinese medicine in recent years in the light of oral Chinese herbal medicine, external use of Chinese medicine, pleural perfusion with traditional Chinese medicine.